Risks Associated with Cannabis Exposure During Pregnancy

Overview of Cannabis Use

Cannabis, commonly referred to as marijuana, is utilized for both medicinal and recreational purposes. Recent research has shed light on the potential risks linked to cannabis exposure during pregnancy.

Study Findings

A new study published in *Scientific Reports* indicates that exposure to Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the primary psychoactive component of cannabis, can significantly affect fetal development. Researchers conducted experiments using human placental cells in rats to investigate the effects of maternal THC exposure on gene expression regulation and organ development. The rats were administered a low dose of THC regularly, simulating the cannabis intake often seen during pregnancy.

The results revealed that continuous THC exposure resulted in an eight percent loss of weight in the offspring and hindered both liver and brain development. Additionally, THC was found to impede the transfer of oxygen and nutrients from the mother to the fetus by reducing glucose transporters (GLUT-1). This disruption in glucose transfer is critical, as it is essential for proper fetal development. The study also noted a decline in placental vasculature, which subsequently reduced blood flow to the fetus.

Expert Insights

Dan Hardy, Associate Professor at Western’s Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, stated, “This data supports clinical studies that suggest cannabis use during pregnancy is associated with low birth weight babies. Clinical data is complicated because it is confounded by other factors such as socioeconomic status. This is the first study to definitively support the fact that THC alone has a direct impact on placental and fetal growth.”

Importance of Awareness

The findings underscore the need for increased awareness regarding the use of cannabis during pregnancy. Understanding the potential risks is crucial for expectant mothers and healthcare providers.

References

Natale, B. V., Gustin, K. N., Lee, K., Holloway, A. C., Laviolette, S. R., Natale, D. R. C., & Hardy, D. B. (2020). Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol exposure during rat pregnancy leads to symmetrical fetal growth restriction and labyrinth-specific vascular defects in the placenta. *Scientific Reports*, 10(1). doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-57318-6

Mediawesternu. (n.d.). Research shows real risks associated with cannabis exposure during pregnancy. Retrieved from https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2020-01/uowo-rsr011720.php

Image by StockSnap from Pixabay