Impact of Commercial Hair Dyes on Health

Toxic Components in Hair Dyes

Commercial hair dyes contain various chemicals that may pose health risks, including toxicity and carcinogenicity. A recent study published in the journal Chem explored the efficacy of a non-toxic hair dye variant known as graphene oxide.

Understanding Hair Color

Hair color is influenced by two types of melanin: eumelanin and pheomelanin. Generally, a higher concentration of eumelanin results in darker hair. The degradation of melanin leads to gray or white hair.

Composition of Commercial Hair Dyes

Chemical Reactions in Hair Dye

Most hair dye products alter hair color through a series of oxidative and dye-forming chemical reactions under alkaline conditions. Ammonia or similar compounds are typically used to open the hair cuticles, allowing amine or alcohol-based colorants to penetrate the hair shaft. Additionally, oxidants like hydrogen peroxide are included to bleach natural melanin and facilitate the formation of dye compounds.

Health Risks Associated with Hair Dyes

Many ingredients in commercial hair dyes are toxic and may pose carcinogenic risks. Absorption through the skin or inhalation can lead to allergic reactions or more severe health issues. Unfortunately, using weaker solutions can limit the effectiveness of hair color, resulting in temporary hues that wash out quickly.

Exploring Graphene Oxide as a Hair Dye

The Demand for Dark Hair Dyes

Given that a majority of the global population has dark hair, there is significant demand for dark hair dyes. Recently, carbon nanotubes have been marketed as a solution for achieving black hair by creating a surface coating. Carbon-based dyes, in general, could mitigate many concerns associated with conventional hair dyes due to their lower toxicity and durability against washing and brushing.

Properties of Graphene Oxide

Graphene oxide (GO) sheets are derived from the chemical exfoliation of graphite powders. These sheets possess the unique ability to adhere to various surfaces, creating a smooth coating.

Effectiveness of Graphene Oxide in Hair Dyeing

Study Findings on Graphene Oxide

The study published in Chem investigated the potential of GO as a hair dye, discovering that water-based formulations could be created for application via spraying or brushing, followed by drying. Notably, the GO solution did not include any organic solvents or toxic components.

Benefits of Graphene Oxide Hair Dye

The research highlighted additional advantages of using GO, such as enhanced antistatic properties and improved heat dissipation. The GO-based dye also demonstrated resistance to repeated washing and met the performance standards of conventional permanent hair dyes. Furthermore, the study tested the coloration capabilities of GO, successfully creating gradient effects and a variety of hair shades.

Conclusion: A Safer Alternative for Hair Dyeing

These findings suggest that the harmful ingredients present in commercial hair dyes could be substituted, leading to safer hair dyeing practices. As GO-based hair dye proves comparable to existing products, it may soon become a viable option for consumers.

Written by Neeti Vashi, BSc
Reference: Luo, C., Zhou, L., Chiou, K., & Huang, J. (2018). Multifunctional Graphene Hair Dye. Chem.