Health Benefits of Volunteering for Older Adults: A Harvard Study

Introduction to Volunteer Work and Its Societal Impact

A recent study conducted by Harvard University examined the potential health and well-being benefits of regular volunteer work among older adults. Volunteerism is widely recognized for its positive impact on society. For instance, in the United States, it was reported that approximately 77 million adults contributed 6.9 billion hours to volunteer organizations in 2017, generating an economic value of about US$167 billion for their communities.

Volunteering and Its Health Benefits

While the societal benefits of volunteering are well-documented, there is growing interest in its effects on the volunteers themselves. Prior research has suggested that volunteering may reduce the risk of physical decline and enhance psychological health. However, inconsistencies in these studies have resulted in insufficient evidence to establish a definitive connection between volunteering and health outcomes.

The Harvard Study’s Methodology

The recent study, published in the American Journal of Preventive Medicine, involved nearly 13,000 participants who were randomly selected from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), a large prospective study focusing on U.S. adults aged 50 and older. The researchers analyzed data collected through face-to-face interviews and surveys, which included inquiries about the participants’ volunteering hours and 34 physical and psychological/social well-being outcomes. The analysis tracked volunteering activities and health outcomes over four years, from 2010 to 2016.

Key Findings of the Study

Participants who volunteered at least 100 hours per year, equivalent to about two hours per week, exhibited significantly lower risks of mortality and physical limitations. They also reported higher levels of physical activity and an enhanced sense of well-being compared to those who did not engage in volunteer work. However, the study found no significant association between volunteering and improvements in chronic conditions such as diabetes, hypertension, stroke, cancer, heart disease, lung disease, arthritis, obesity, cognitive impairment, or chronic pain.

Insights from the Lead Investigator

Dr. Eric Kim, the lead investigator from the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, stated, “Our results show that volunteerism among older adults doesn’t just strengthen communities, but enriches our own lives.” He noted that while the study did not indicate a direct impact of volunteering on chronic conditions, regular altruistic activities correlate with a reduced risk of death.

Future Research and Recommendations

The specific biological mechanisms behind the health benefits of volunteering remain unclear, indicating a need for further research. In light of the findings, the study authors encourage physicians and policymakers to promote volunteering among older adults, especially while adhering to public health guidelines during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Dr. Kim emphasized the importance of service during this critical time, stating, “If you are able to do so while abiding by health guidelines, you not only can help to heal and repair the world, but you can help yourself as well.”

References

1. Kim ES, Whillans AV, Lee MT, et al. Volunteering and subsequent health and well-being in older adults: an outcome-wide longitudinal approach. Am J Preventative Medicine Published online June 11, 2020. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2020.03.004
2. Elsevier, Press release 11 June 2020. “Doing good does you good” https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2020-06/e-dgd060820.php
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