Study Evaluates Dialectical Behavior Therapy’s Efficacy in Reducing Suicide Attempts
Background on Increasing Suicide Rates Among Teenagers
Between 2007 and 2015, there has been a significant rise in suicide rates among teenagers. Identifying effective intervention strategies is essential for reducing both suicide and non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI). A common challenge faced by individuals contemplating suicide is their reluctance to adhere to treatment plans. Therapeutic interventions have shown promise when addressing the needs of youth with self-harm histories.
Comparative Study of Therapeutic Approaches
A recent study published in JAMA Psychiatry investigated the effectiveness of dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) compared to individual and group supportive therapy (IGST) in decreasing suicide attempts. This randomized control trial involved teenagers aged 12 to 18 across the United States, recruiting a total of 173 participants from 2012 to 2014. Participants included those with heightened suicidal thoughts, a history of at least one suicide attempt, and repeated self-injury incidents.
Overview of Therapeutic Approaches
Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT)
DBT incorporates various components, such as group skill training for families, individual therapy, weekly consultations with therapists, and telephone support for both parents and youth. A primary focus of DBT is to enhance parental involvement in the treatment process and foster trust between parents and adolescents.
Individual and Group Supportive Therapy (IGST)
IGST emphasizes validation, acceptance, and feelings of belonging and connectedness. This approach also includes individual and group therapy sessions, with parental participation in collateral sessions. Crisis hotlines and therapist contact numbers were provided for daily support.
Study Methodology and Findings
Trial Structure and Assessments
Over a six-month period, participants were randomly assigned to either DBT or IGST groups. Both groups received individual and group therapy, along with necessary parent meetings and therapist consultations. Assessments were conducted prior to treatment, at three months, at the conclusion of the treatment, and at follow-ups at nine and twelve months. Measurements focused on suicide attempts, self-harm, and NSSI, evaluating the severity and frequency of these behaviors.
Results of the Study
The findings indicated that DBT was effective in reducing suicide attempts within the adolescent population. This study represents the first randomized control trial demonstrating DBT’s efficacy in decreasing suicide attempts. Both DBT and IGST groups showed improvements over the twelve-month period, although further research is needed to confirm clinically significant changes. Notably, participants in the DBT group attended more treatment sessions, and parental involvement was greater in DBT sessions, potentially leading to enhanced treatment outcomes.
Limitations and Future Research Directions
One limitation of the study is the predominantly female sample. While females exhibit a higher rate of suicide attempts, males are more likely to die by suicide. Future research should explore these interventions while considering additional factors influencing suicide risk.
Conclusion
This study underscores the potential of dialectical behavior therapy as an effective intervention for adolescents at high risk for suicide, highlighting the importance of continued research in this critical area.
Reference
McCauley, E., Berk, M. S., Asarnow, J. R., Adrian, M., Cohen, J., Korslund, K., … & Linehan, M. M. (2018). Efficacy of dialectical behavior therapy for adolescents at high risk for suicide: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Psychiatry.