New Insights on Physical Activity and Colorectal Cancer Prevention
Overview of Colorectal Cancer
A recent publication in the BMC Cancer journal has unveiled important findings regarding the potential preventive effects of physical activity on colorectal cancer risk. Colorectal cancer stands as one of the most prevalent cancer types, leading to the development of various screening tests that effectively facilitate early detection and treatment.
The Importance of Screening
While these screening methods have significantly reduced mortality rates among colorectal cancer patients, approximately half of those diagnosed do not survive due to late-stage detection. This alarming statistic underscores the critical need for effective preventive strategies.
Risk Factors for Colorectal Cancer
Colorectal cancer risk factors encompass both genetic and environmental elements. Individuals with a family history of colorectal cancer, specific dietary patterns, inflammatory bowel disease histories, and adenomatous polyposis are at increased risk. Some studies suggest that lifestyle choices, including a high-fiber diet, may aid in preventing colorectal cancer’s onset.
Exploring the Role of Physical Activity
Although several publications have examined the preventive role of physical activity in colorectal cancer, the relationship between physical activity and colorectal cancer risk among high-risk populations remains ambiguous. The systematic review and meta-analysis published in BMC Cancer sought to clarify this association.
Study Methodology
Researchers conducted a thorough search of the Medline database, covering articles up to June 2017. The final meta-analysis incorporated 18 studies, consisting of nine case-control studies and nine prospective cohort studies.
Key Findings
The study revealed a statistically significant protective association between physical activity and colorectal cancer risk among high-risk individuals. Unexpectedly, no additional protective effect of physical activity was noted among those with a high body mass index (BMI) or those with a family history of colorectal cancer.
Conclusion
Overall, the research concluded that physical activity may play a crucial role in reducing colorectal cancer risk, regardless of an individual’s BMI or family history. The authors suggest that increased physical activity could be a valuable component of colorectal cancer prevention strategies, particularly for those at heightened risk.
Written by Nima Makhdami, M.D.
Reference: Shaw, Eileen, et al. “Effects of physical activity on colorectal cancer risk among family history and body mass index subgroups: a systematic review and meta-analysis.” BMC cancer 18.1 (2018): 71.