Understanding Hepatitis and Its Global Impact

The Challenge of Eradication

Hepatitis ranks among the major global health challenges, alongside HIV and AIDS. Despite concerted efforts, high drug costs and limited treatment options impede progress toward its eradication, according to a recent study. Governments worldwide, including those in India, South Africa, and Egypt, have set ambitious goals to reduce new cases of Hepatitis B and C by 90% and related deaths by 65% by the year 2030.

Barriers to Achieving Goals

While these policy statements are commendable, the execution of these goals remains weak. A significant factor contributing to this is the inadequate funding for expensive treatment regimens. Additionally, the social stigma associated with reporting hepatitis continues to hinder progress, as noted by the World Health Organization (WHO).

The Prevalence and Mortality of Hepatitis

Global Statistics

Hepatitis B and C are infectious diseases primarily transmitted through blood and bodily fluids. In 2015, viral hepatitis was responsible for 1.34 million deaths, comparable to the fatalities caused by HIV and AIDS. The WHO estimates that approximately 325 million people worldwide are living with the hepatitis virus; however, only 9% of those with Hepatitis B and 20% of those with Hepatitis C have received a diagnosis.

Advocacy for Treatment Access

Advocates for hepatitis treatment and eradication argue that the high cost of medication should not serve as a justification for denying universal access to vital diagnoses and treatments. Homie Razavi from the Center for Disease Analysis emphasizes, “We believe that price has been used as an excuse not to provide access.” This perspective is supported by a study published in the BMJ on July 28, 2017.

Cost Implications of Hepatitis Treatment

Financial Barriers

A WHO study from 2015 identified drug costs as a significant barrier to hepatitis treatment. The study highlighted exorbitant prices, citing that the cost of a single hepatitis treatment drug, sofosbuvir, was $90,000 for an American patient, $45,475 for a British patient, and $48,225 for a French patient.

Impact of Generic Drugs

The introduction of generic Hepatitis C medications has slightly alleviated the issue; however, the limited availability of these drugs and challenges in the registration process have slowed access to treatment.

Global Procurement Initiatives

Efforts to Reduce Costs

Razavi raises concerns about the lack of participation from representatives of the 28 developing nations studied by the WHO, where the majority of hepatitis cases exist. He points out the Global Procurement Fund, initiated by the Center for Disease Analysis Foundation in April 2017, which aims to consolidate smaller drug orders from these nations to negotiate lower prices for large quantities.

The Role of Developed Nations

Razavi also criticizes economically developed countries for not taking on greater funding responsibilities to support diagnosis and treatment programs in less fortunate nations.

The Path Forward

The study presents a strong case for enhancing access to hepatitis treatment. It advocates for increased efforts in preventive education, diagnosis, treatment, and ultimately, finding a cure for this pervasive disease.

Written by Susan Mercer Hinrichs, MA, MBA, CPhT

Reference: Too few people have access to tests and treatment for hepatitis, says WHO

Author: Sophie Cousins, Kathmandu