Investigation of Specialized Bikes for Spinal Cord Injury Patients
Importance of Physical Activity Post-Injury
A recent study explores how specialized bikes can enable patients with spinal cord injuries to remain active and engaged in exercise. Spinal cord injuries often lead to prolonged physical limitations, which can result in social and psychological challenges that diminish the quality of life. Establishing effective exercise programs for this demographic is crucial.
Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) Cycling Systems
FES cycling systems are specialized stationary bikes, known as ergometers, designed for individuals with minimal or no voluntary leg movement. A commentary published in the Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation examines the use of these devices at the CYBATHLON 2016 event held in Zurich, Switzerland.
Advancements in Neuroprosthetics
Dr. Ronald J. Triolo leads a neuroprosthetic research group in the United States that is focusing on an innovative implantable pulse generator (IPG). This device stimulates peripheral nerves to produce strong, isolated muscle contractions. The researchers aim for these IPGs to empower paralyzed patients to perform daily activities independently, such as standing, stepping short distances, and retrieving objects. While exercise programs are beneficial for rebuilding muscle strength and endurance, they often involve repetitive routines that may lead to boredom.
Overview of the CYBATHLON Competition
Assisted Devices in Competitive Settings
The CYBATHLON is an international event where individuals with disabilities use assisted devices and robotics to compete in various races. The study’s authors believe that participating in the CYBATHLON offers patients a fun and engaging exercise opportunity.
Designing a Competitive System
To facilitate participation, researchers developed a system enabling patients to pedal stationary ergometers using their implantable devices. While preparing the bikes for the competition was a key focus, the authors also aimed to make these bikes available for use in patients’ homes and communities, promoting ongoing exercise.
Pilot Study and Results
Five pilot participants were recruited to trial the device. Each was provided with a bike, a trainer, and a device to program their implanted system with tailored stimulation parameters for their workouts. The bikes successfully helped participants improve their endurance, ultimately allowing them to transition from stationary trainers to exercising outdoors in their neighborhoods or parks. Timed trials conducted two months before the event indicated that all participants achieved times sufficient for advancement to the CYBATHLON qualifying rounds.
Impact of the Implanted System on Performance
Gold Medal Achievement
After extensive design, optimization, and training, one of the pilot participants won the gold medal at the CYBATHLON 2016 race. The authors contend that the implanted system was crucial for this success, as it enabled selective and repeatable activation of targeted muscle groups. Post-CYBATHLON trials demonstrated that participants generated approximately 25% less power with surface stimulation compared to the implanted device, suggesting variations in muscle fiber engagement between the two stimulation methods.
Future Research Directions
Further studies are needed to optimize cycling techniques using both surface and implanted systems, providing individuals with spinal cord injuries better opportunities to exercise and maintain an active lifestyle.
Source
McDaniel, J., Lombardo, L. M., Foglyano, K. M., Marasco, P. D., & Triolo, R. J. (2017). Setting the pace: insights and advancements gained while preparing for an FES bike race. Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation, 14(1), 118.