Impact of Emollients on Skin Microflora and Barrier Function in Children with Atopic Dermatitis
Understanding Atopic Dermatitis
Atopic dermatitis (AD), commonly referred to as eczema, is an inflammatory skin condition characterized by itchy, dry, and scaly patches. This condition predominantly affects young children, with an estimated prevalence of 10-20%. Atopic dermatitis is believed to have a genetic basis, and several theories exist regarding its causes. These theories include:
1. An imbalance in the immune system that results in skin attacks.
2. A compromised skin barrier that leads to dehydration and heightened sensitivity to allergens.
3. An imbalance in healthy skin microbiota, allowing pathogens like Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) to proliferate.
This complexity underscores the challenges in managing atopic dermatitis.
The Role of Emollients in Eczema Management
Doctors often recommend emollients for the management of eczema. These non-cosmetic moisturizers, available in forms such as creams, ointments, lotions, and gels, help alleviate dryness and itching while maintaining skin moisture. However, the precise mechanisms by which emollients restore skin barrier integrity remain unclear.
Recent Study Findings
A recent study published in Pediatric Dermatology investigated the effects of emollients on mild atopic dermatitis. The study involved 54 children diagnosed with mild AD, who were divided into two groups: one applying a hygiene product only (control group) and the other using both a hygiene product and emollient balm (emollient group) twice daily for 28 days.
The results revealed that the emollient group experienced significantly fewer itch episodes compared to the control group. Additionally, their skin maintained higher hydration levels, and there was a reduction in involucrin, a gene associated with skin inflammation. Notably, while the control group exhibited a 6.5-fold increase in S. aureus, the emollient group maintained stable levels of this pathogen. Microflora biodiversity was also consistent across both groups.
Conclusion
The application of emollient balm in children with mild atopic dermatitis not only protects the skin from S. aureus but also enhances overall skin quality. This study highlights the crucial role of emollient treatment in alleviating clinical symptoms of AD while preserving microflora biodiversity. While cleansing the skin is essential, applying lotion is equally important for skin protection.
Written By: Boram Ham, PhD