Clinical Trial on Sublingual Immunotherapy for Food Allergies

Overview of Sublingual Immunotherapy (SLIT)

A clinical trial investigating Sublingual Immunotherapy (SLIT) for food allergies is currently underway at the University of Missouri-Columbia. SLIT differs from traditional allergy treatments such as antihistamines, topical nasal corticosteroids, and injections. This innovative approach involves placing a tablet containing the allergen under the patient’s tongue, where it is absorbed through the mucous membranes. Dendritic cells then transport the allergen to the lymph nodes, where they interact with lymphocytes to inhibit the immune response.

Mechanism and Considerations

Although the precise mechanism of SLIT’s action is not fully understood, it is important to note that this therapy is not recommended for individuals with active autoimmune or malignant conditions.

Efficacy of SLIT in Treating Common Allergies

A previous meta-analysis encompassing 21 clinical trials has demonstrated SLIT’s effectiveness in alleviating symptoms associated with environmental allergies, such as those triggered by pollen grains and house dust mites. The analysis revealed a reduction in sneezing, itching, nasal discharge, and blockage among participants.

Recent Findings and Patient Response

In more recent large-scale trials involving 1,600 patients, 82% reported improvement in their symptoms, compared to only 55% of those receiving a placebo. However, some adverse effects associated with SLIT have been observed. These include local irritation in the mouth and tongue areas (47-52%), itching, which has a 50% chance of resolving within eight days (50%), palatal swelling, and throat irritation.

Research Gaps and Future Directions

The effectiveness of SLIT in children remains an area requiring further investigation, as some studies have indicated negative effects. Additionally, there are currently no established guidelines regarding the appropriate dosage and duration of SLIT treatment. The ongoing study aims to explore SLIT as a potential therapy specifically for food allergies.

References

ClinicalTrials.gov. “Sublingual Immunotherapy for Food Allergy.” Available from: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00736281?term=allergy&rank=9. Last accessed: Oct. 4, 2013.
Frew, A.J. “Sublingual immunotherapy.” New England Journal of Medicine. 358: 2259-2264. May 22, 2008. Available from: 10.1056/NEJMct0708337
Wilson, D.R., Torres Lima, M., & Durham, S.R. “Sublingual immunotherapy for allergic rhinitis: systematic review and meta-analysis.” European Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 60(1): 4-12.
Written by Julia Yusupova