Increasing Incidence of ACL Injuries in Young Women

Common Experiences of ACL Injuries

For many physical therapists and sports medicine doctors, stories of ACL injuries are all too familiar. Patients often recount incidents such as, “I was running to kick the ball and then I felt a ‘pop’,” or “I jumped to shoot a basket and then I felt my knee give out.”

Historical Context and Risk Factors

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries have historically affected young women at a higher rate. A study conducted by Arendt and colleagues in 1999 highlighted that collegiate women are significantly more likely to suffer from ACL injuries compared to their male peers. This increased susceptibility may be attributed to anatomical factors, such as a higher hip-to-knee quadriceps angle, or hormonal influences like estrogen.

Mechanisms of Injury

ACL injuries commonly occur during activities that involve jumping or applying forceful torque to the knee while the foot is planted. Scenarios such as sudden stops during running or pivoting to change direction often lead to injuries. Among the various degrees of ACL tears, complete tears are the most frequently observed.

Recent Research Findings

A recent study conducted by researchers from the Gillings School of Public Health analyzed ACL injury data from 2002 to 2014. The findings were published in a research letter in JAMA Pediatrics, authored by Mackenzie Herzog and colleagues. By reviewing health insurance records of 148 million individuals over a 12-year period, the researchers identified notable trends.

Statistics on ACL Reconstruction Surgeries

The study reported a 22% increase in the overall number of ACL reconstruction surgeries during the examined period. While males accounted for a larger number of surgeries, the percentage increase was more pronounced among females, who experienced a 34% rise compared to a 13% increase in males. The age group most affected among females was found to be those aged 13 to 17 years.

Implications for Education and Prevention

These findings indicate that despite ongoing research into female ACL injuries, there remains a significant need for enhanced education and prevention strategies in high school and college athletics for young women.

Citation

Herzog, M. et al. Incidence of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Among Adolescent Females in the United States, 2002 Through 2014. JAMA Pediatrics. June 12, 2017. E1-E2.

About the Author

Written by Allison P. Sevillano, MS, PT, DPT.