Research on Alpha-Synuclein and Parkinson’s Disease Progression

Introduction to the Gastrointestinal Tract’s Role in Health

The condition of an individual’s gastrointestinal tract serves as a vital indicator of overall health. An unhealthy gastrointestinal system can lead to various health complications. Central to the function of this system is the enteric nervous system (ENS), which forms part of the ‘gut-brain axis’—the connection linking the central nervous system and the ENS. Notably, the ENS comprises neurons in quantities similar to those found in the spinal cord.

Parkinson’s Disease and Its Gut Connection

Recent studies have indicated that Parkinson’s disease, a neurological disorder marked by tremors, stiffness, and reduced movement, may originate in the gut. A protein known as alpha-synuclein (AS), previously associated with Parkinson’s disease, plays a crucial role in the immune responses occurring within the gastrointestinal tract. AS levels increase in reaction to viral infections, functioning to protect cells from the virus.

Neurotoxic Aggregates and Disease Progression

Research has demonstrated that following an infection, AS can accumulate and form ‘neurotoxic aggregates’ within the ENS. These aggregates may then migrate to the central nervous system (CNS), potentially resulting in nerve damage and contributing to the onset of Parkinson’s disease.

Potential Interventions and Ongoing Research

In response to these findings, researchers are exploring methods to inhibit the accumulation of AS to determine if this could slow the progression of Parkinson’s disease. A clinical trial is currently underway involving ENT-01 (Enterin Inc.), a drug designed to block the development of these neurotoxic aggregates and restore normal ENS function.

Conclusion

Understanding the relationship between alpha-synuclein and the gastrointestinal tract may open new pathways for treating Parkinson’s disease. Ongoing research will further clarify the potential of targeting AS to slow disease advancement.

References

Barbut, Denise, Stolzenberg, Ethan, Zasloff, Michael. “Gastrointestinal Immunity and Alpha-Synuclein.” IOS Press. 30 Oct. 2019. Online.
Parkinson’s Disease. 2019, https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/parkinsons-disease/symptoms-causes/syc-20376055, assessed 14 Nov. 2019.
Targeting alpha-synuclein in the gut may slow down Parkinson’s disease. 2019, https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2019-11/ip-tai111319.php, assessed 14 Nov. 2019.
Image by Gerd Altmann from Pixabay.