What is Acne?

Acne refers to a range of skin conditions caused by clogged pores due to oil and dead skin cells. Common manifestations include blackheads, whiteheads, pimples, and cysts. While acne primarily affects individuals during puberty and is most visible on the face, it can persist into adulthood and also appear on areas such as the chest and back.

Causes

Acne is predominantly seen in teenagers, with around 70 to 87 percent experiencing some form of it. The condition arises when excess oil clogs the skin’s pores, leading to inflammation. This surge in oil production during puberty is attributed to overactive oil glands, increasing the likelihood of blocked pores. The severity of acne can vary widely among individuals, influenced by factors such as diet, stress, and genetics.

Symptoms and Complications

Acne encompasses various skin issues stemming from clogged pores, including:

  • Whiteheads: Bulging of the follicle wall
  • Blackheads: Exposed bacteria and oxidized oil
  • Pimples: Inflamed or infected hair follicles

While these symptoms are typically manageable, severe cases can lead to significant psychological distress and permanent skin damage. Individuals may become self-conscious about their appearance, which can adversely affect their social interactions.

Prevention and Treatment

The most effective strategy for managing acne is prevention, particularly by maintaining clean skin. Although individuals cannot control the overactivity of oil glands during puberty, regularly removing excess oil and dead skin cells is crucial for skin health. Additionally, diets high in dairy products and carbohydrates have been linked to increased acne, so reducing these food types may help improve the condition.

Over-the-counter medicated creams containing benzoyl peroxide, alpha hydroxy acid, salicylic acid, or tea tree oil can be effective in drying blemishes and cleansing pores. It is advisable to minimize touching acne-prone areas, as popping pimples can lead to infections, worsened acne, and scarring. If acne persists after three months of treatment, consulting a doctor for more advanced options is recommended. A dermatologist can also assist in addressing scarring resulting from acne.

Written By: Wesley Tin, BMSc

For information on clinical trials for acne treatments, click here.