What is Acne?

Acne refers to a range of skin conditions that occur when pores become clogged with oil and dead skin cells. The common manifestations of acne include blackheads, whiteheads, pimples, and cysts. Although acne primarily affects individuals during puberty and is most frequently seen on the face, it can also persist into adulthood and may appear on other areas of the body, such as the chest and back.

Causes

During puberty, approximately 70 to 87 percent of teenagers experience acne. This condition arises when excess oil clogs the skin’s pores, resulting in inflammation at the surface. The high prevalence of acne during adolescence is attributed to the overactivity of oil-producing glands, which leads to increased oil production and a greater likelihood of pore blockage. While some individuals may experience minimal acne, others may suffer from severe cases influenced by factors such as diet, stress, and genetics.

Symptoms and Complications

Acne encompasses various skin issues stemming from clogged pores. Common symptoms include:

  • Whiteheads: Bulging of the follicle wall.
  • Blackheads: Exposed bacteria and oxidized oil that appears brown.
  • Pimples: Inflamed or infected hair follicles.

While these conditions are typically not serious, severe cases can have significant psychological effects and may lead to permanent skin damage. Individuals with acne may become self-conscious about their appearance, which can adversely impact their social interactions.

Prevention and Treatment

Preventing acne is the most effective strategy for managing the condition. Since acne is caused by clogged pores, maintaining clean skin is essential. Although one cannot control overactive oil production during puberty, adopting good skincare habits, such as regularly removing oil and dead skin cells, can be beneficial. Additionally, diets high in dairy products and carbohydrates have been linked to increased acne, so limiting these foods may help improve skin condition.

Over-the-counter medicated creams containing benzoyl peroxide, alpha hydroxyl acid, salicylic acid, or tea tree oil can effectively dry blemishes and cleanse pores. It is crucial to minimize touching acne, as bursting pimples can lead to infections, worsening acne, and scarring. If acne persists after three months, it is advisable to consult a doctor for more advanced treatment options. A dermatologist can also assist in addressing scarring associated with acne.

Written By: Wesley Tin, BMSc

For information on clinical trials for acne treatments, click here.