Negative Effects of Marijuana During Pregnancy
Impact on Fetal Development
Marijuana use during pregnancy is associated with several adverse effects, including delayed fetal growth, reduced resistance to infection, and lower oxygen levels. This psychoactive substance can lead to both short-term effects—such as dry mouth, red eyes, impaired motor skills, feelings of paranoia or anxiety, and memory issues—and long-term consequences, including addiction, behavioral problems, and psychosis.
Research Findings
A study published in the Journal of Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine examined sonogram data from 450 pregnant women who used marijuana daily. The researchers reported significant negative outcomes related to marijuana consumption during pregnancy. One of the primary concerns was delayed fetal growth, which increases the risk of stillbirth.
Role of Chemical Compounds
The researchers highlighted that delayed fetal growth is primarily caused by exposure to chemical compounds known as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, rather than THC itself. Notably, the concentration of these harmful compounds in second-hand marijuana smoke is higher than that found in tobacco smoke.
Public Health Implications
As marijuana legalization expands across various regions, there is a corresponding increase in its use among pregnant women, which raises notable public health concerns. Currently, approximately 16% of pregnant women report using marijuana daily.
References
Brar, B. K., Patil, P. S., Jackson, D. N., Gardner, M. O., Alexander, J. M., Doyle, N. M. (2019). Effect of Intrauterine Marijuana Exposure on Fetal Growth Patterns and Placental Vascular Resistance. The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine. EurekAlert News Release – Pot While Pregnant: UNLV Medicine Doctors Urge Caution – (2019) – https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2019-12/uonl-pwp120219.php.
Written by Katrina F. Zafer, BSc.