Understanding Blood Test Results
Blood tests are a fundamental tool used by GPs and cardiologists to guide treatment decisions and medication management. The results can provide valuable insights into your health, especially during your rehabilitation journey with Heart 2 Heart. Below, we explain various blood test results that may be relevant to your care.
Haemoglobin (HB)
Haemoglobin is a protein in red blood cells responsible for transporting oxygen to tissues and carrying carbon dioxide back to the lungs. At Heart 2 Heart, monitoring haemoglobin levels is crucial as they can affect exercise capacity. Regular aerobic exercise can enhance haemoglobin levels by increasing oxygen demand in muscle cells, leading to improved oxygen binding in the blood. Additionally, good nutrition plays a significant role in maintaining healthy haemoglobin levels.
A low haemoglobin result may indicate anaemia, which can stem from various causes, including vitamin deficiencies or excessive bleeding. Conversely, elevated haemoglobin levels may suggest dehydration. The normal range for haemoglobin is 13.0 – 18.0 g/dL.
Urea and Creatinine
Urea is produced when proteins are metabolized in the liver and excreted through urine. Urea levels provide insight into kidney function, with a normal range of 2.0 – 7.0 mmol/L.
Creatinine, a waste product from muscle activity, is typically filtered out by the kidneys. An increase in creatinine levels can indicate decreased kidney function. The normal range for creatinine is 59 – 104 µmol/L.
Potassium and Sodium
Potassium and sodium are essential for the electrical signaling necessary for proper heart function. Potassium, derived from food, is crucial for muscle and heart activity. Abnormal potassium levels, either too high or too low, can weaken muscles and disrupt heart rhythms. The normal range for potassium is 3.5 – 5.0 mmol/L. Hyperkalaemia, or elevated potassium levels, can lead to serious heart arrhythmias if untreated.
Sodium, an electrolyte, helps maintain fluid balance and supports nerve and muscle function. The normal range for sodium is 135 – 145 mmol/L.
Cholesterol Levels
A comprehensive cholesterol test, or lipid profile, measures different types of fats in the blood. Cholesterol is a fat-like substance linked to heart disease risk. Total cholesterol should ideally be below 5 mmol/L.
HDL Cholesterol, known as “good” cholesterol, protects the heart. Aim for HDL levels above 1.0 mmol/L, which can be increased through exercise.
LDL Cholesterol is considered “bad” cholesterol and can contribute to artery blockage. Keeping LDL levels below 1.4 mmol/L is advisable to reduce heart-related risks.
Triglycerides, another type of fat in the blood, should be below 0.7 mmol/L, as high levels can indicate increased heart disease risk when combined with high total and LDL cholesterol levels.
Fasting Glucose/Blood Sugar
This test assesses the risk of diabetes. A normal fasting blood sugar level is less than 5.6 mmol/L. Levels between 5.6 and 6.9 mmol/L indicate prediabetes, while a level of 7 mmol/L or higher on two separate tests confirms diabetes. If your blood sugar levels are elevated, your GP may recommend dietary or lifestyle modifications.
If any of your test results fall outside the normal ranges, consult your GP for advice on managing and controlling these levels to achieve optimal health. To learn more about your rehabilitation journey at Heart 2 Heart, please reach out.