Research on Genes Associated with Endometrial Cancer
Advancements in Gene Technology
Recent investigations in the United States have focused on identifying genes linked to endometrial cancer. Significant advancements in gene technology have enabled researchers to explore various cancers in greater detail. The endometrial tissue, which lines the uterus, undergoes a monthly shedding cycle known as menstruation. Mutations in the genes related to this uterine lining are believed to contribute to cancer development.
Study by Michigan State University and Van Andel Research Institute
A team from Michigan State University and the Van Andel Research Institute examined two specific endometrial cancer genes and their behavior in both mouse models and human subjects. The first gene, ARID1A, is a recognized tumor suppressor gene; mutations in this gene can facilitate cancer progression. The second gene, PIK3CA, is an instructional gene, and its mutations can lead to uncontrolled cell growth. The findings of this research were published in *Nature Communications*.
Interaction of ARID1A and PIK3CA Mutations
The investigation into the combined effects of these genes has led researchers to conclude that the coexistence of ARID1A and PIK3CA mutations may enhance the invasion of surrounding endometrial tissues and spread to other body areas. However, many aspects of the cancer spread pathway remain unclear. Notably, these mutations are also present in endometriosis, indicating that the mutations alone may not be sufficient for cancer formation.
Insights from the Lead Researcher
Ronald Chandler, an assistant professor of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive biology at the College of Human Medicine and the study’s leader, emphasized the need to understand why some women with identical mutations develop cancer while others do not.
Future Directions in Cancer Research
Currently, researchers aspire to gain insights into the pathways facilitating cancer spread, which may lead to new therapeutic options. Early detection of cancer while it remains confined to the endometrium is associated with higher survival rates. This research represents a significant step toward unraveling the complex genetics underlying endometrial cancer.
References
Wilson MR, Reske JJ, Holladay J et al. ARID1A and PI3-kinase pathway mutations in the endometrium drive epithelial transdifferentiation and collective invasion. Nature Communications. (2019) 10:3554.
Gene mutation combo linked to common cancer in women. EurekAlert! https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2019-08/msu-gmc080719.php Last accessed August 8, 2019.
Image by Arek Socha from Pixabay.